2024年第5期（总431期）目录

金砖国家气候治理合作：进展、挑战与对策

马露露   蒋希蘅　　

内容提要：应对气候变化形势日趋严峻，但全球气候行动进展缓慢，发展中国家在全球气候治理中的作用愈发重要。金砖国家资源禀赋优势互补，经济总量和能源需求的快速增长以及新成员国的加入，为金砖国家合作推动完善国际气候治理带来新机遇。在此过程中，金砖国家需要克服全球多重危机带来的经济社会压力以及面临的技术和资金困难，也需要更好应对国际气候谈判中各自不同的关切。对此，金砖国家要建立有效的气候行动合作机制，健全内部治理机制，推动重点领域一致行动，共同加大气候融资，不断提升新兴经济体和发展中国家在全球气候治理领域的影响力。

关键词：金砖国家  气候治理  能源转型  新开发银行  气候融资  金砖扩员

基金项目：中国国际发展知识中心“碳达峰碳中和的中国战略与全球展望”旗舰研究交流项目

作者简介：马露露系北京大学国家发展研究院、中国国际发展知识中心联合培养博士后，研究方向为能源经济、环境经济与政策；蒋希蘅系国务院发展研究中心研究员，研究方向为南南合作、数字技术与新工业革命等。

非洲清洁能源开发的现状、意义与挑战——兼论中非共建绿色“一带一路”的方向

陈玮冰  刘继森

内容提要：全球能源转型以及对绿色发展所需关键矿产的需求为非洲开展新型工业化提供了崭新机遇。清洁能源开发不仅是非洲推进新型工业化的必经之路，也是重塑非洲政治、经济、社会的重要抓手。目前，非洲的清洁能源开发呈现“四化”的特点，即开发主体多元化、投资体量规模化、技术和政策扶持扩大化、能源开发市场化。清洁能源开发可以成为非洲推进新型工业化的重要依托，是因为清洁能源开发产业链的特点符合非洲国家工业发展的现状，即产业上游资源丰富但缺乏必要的开发设备；产业中游基础设施不足，难以应对外部冲击；产业下游市场巨大，但缺乏必要的产业链支持。中国作为非洲开发清洁能源的重要合作伙伴，应加强双方在相关基础设施建设及清洁能源开发全产业链的投资合作，推动共建“一带一路”

绿色合作，帮助非洲国家步入新型工业化进程。

关键词：清洁能源  工业化  中非合作  “一带一路”  基础设施

基金项目：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国援助与‘一带一路’项目投资对非洲工业化影响的差别研究”（编号：22CGJ026）、中国教育装备行业协会2023年课题“中非合作背景下中国教育装备拓展非洲市场策略研究”（编号：CEFR23007R01）

作者简介：陈玮冰系广东外语外贸大学非洲研究院副研究员，研究方向为国际发展援助；刘继森系广东外语外贸大学非洲研究院教授，研究方向为中非经贸合作。

海湾国家参与清洁能源供应链的重塑逻辑与合作选择——以沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋为例

寇静娜  温斌斌

内容提要：全球能源转型持续加速，促使清洁能源供应链逐渐成为各国竞争的关键领域。不同于传统油气资源供应链，清洁能源供应链具有上游去中心化、中游高技术门槛、下游分散本土化的典型特征。沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋以油气资源出口为主，虽不具备主导把控清洁能源供应链的能力，但借助先天资源优势，通过主动推出一系列清洁能源政策及投资，配合光伏、风电及氢能等大型项目的落地运营，实现系统性参与全球清洁能源供应链重塑。在选择合作对象的过程中，除与欧洲继续保持惯性合作外，合作趋势持续“东移”，中国成为最关键的合作伙伴。双方合作空间与潜力巨大，应在现有合作成果基础上协力扩大供应链合作范畴并深化细节，塑造以能源为内核的中国—海湾国家欧亚大陆经济走廊，努力成为下一阶段全球能

源复杂博弈中的核心力量。

关键词：海湾国家  清洁能源  供应链  能源安全  能源合作  能源转型

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国深度参与全球能源转型的角色塑造与战略提升研究”（编号：23BGJ036）

作者简介：寇静娜系太原理工大学经济管理学院副教授，研究方向为全球能源转型战略及可再生能源治理；温斌斌系太原理工大学经济管理学院硕士研究生。

中国对美国投资的新特点、新风险与发展空间

李 磊   刘泽寰

内容提要：美国是世界第一大经济体，也是中国最大的贸易伙伴国家，在市场、资源、技术及人才等方面具有突出优势。从2017年开始，美国对华政策逐步从贸易投资限制转向全面产业竞争。在此期间，中国对美国的投资明显减少，并且进入新的调整期，在规模、行业、方式及区位等方面出现了新的特点。美国监管环境的变化，产业政策的调整，以及国际地缘政治冲突和公共突发事件的爆发，给中国企业对美国投资带来新的风险。作为中国企业的重要投资目的地，美国在帮助中国企业获取技术，加快创新突破，促进中国农业发展和保障战略性矿产资源等方面仍然具有较大发展空间。因此，中国应当明确对美国投资目标，加强风险应对，扎实推进对美国投资高质量发展。

关键词：对外直接投资  中美关系  产业竞争  制度型开放  制造业  高新技术

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球产业智能化对我国供应链安全的影响及对策研究”（编号：22&ZD097）

作者简介：李磊系南开大学跨国公司研究中心、南开大学经济行为与政策模拟实验室教授，博士生导师，研究方向为国际投资、全球化与劳动力市场、数字经济；刘泽寰系南开大学经济学院博士研究生，研究方向为跨国公司与国际直接投资。

日本新能源汽车战略转型对中国的挑战与机遇

金仁淑

内容提要：日本作为世界汽车强国，拥有丰田、本田、日产等闻名全球的汽车品牌。在新能源汽车发展浪潮中，日本汽车产业由于发展战略偏离国际主流轨道且基础设施落后，错失了纯电动汽车的发展良机，失去了曾经的主导地位。为扭转不利局面，日本将2022年作为纯电动汽车元年，在政企“双轮”驱动下，以技术创新为动力，加大产业政策力度及基础设施建设，加快推动新能源汽车战略转型。日本新能源汽车战略转型必然给中国新能源汽车产业带来挑战，但同时也为中日新能源汽车在技术研发、产业链供应链、规格标准等领域提供了合作机会。

关键词：新能源汽车  混合动力电车  纯电动汽车  中日合作  产业政策

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建人类命运共同体进程中国际经贸规则重构博弈与中国的战略选择”（编号：19ZDA053）

作者简介：金仁淑系中国政法大学商学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向为日本经济、中日经贸合作、区域经济一体化等。

亚投行发展话语权的确立、困境及提升路径

苏雅文  薛志华

内容提要：发展话语是介入国家经济、社会、文化和政治全面进程的社会实践，包含话语主体和话语的创造、传播、叙事等内容。发展话语需要在满足功能性和规范性条件的基础上才能转化为发展话语权。以世界银行为代表的传统多边开发银行是生产、传播发展话语的主要主体。美国霸权、组织自主权行使不当等因素使发展话语权异化。亚投行以争取发展权利、推动发展话语的竞争与合作为话语权内容，为增强发展中国家在全球治理体系中的代表性和发言权提供了平台。从亚投行的实践来看，其仍面临着话语创造能力不足、话语传播受限、话语权受到外部质疑排斥等现实问题，亟需通过提升话语创造和规则转化能力，拓宽发展话语传播的场域范围，塑造包容性话语叙事等路径予以改善，从而增强发展合作效果，推动全球治理体系变革。

关键词：全球治理  发展话语  话语权  世界银行  亚投行  国际发展合作

基金项目：湖北省社科基金一般项目“全球金融治理体系变革背景下金砖开发银行建设及其影响研究”（编号：HBSK2022YB269）

作者简介：苏雅文系中南财经政法大学国家治理学院博士研究生，研究方向为国家治理；薛志华系武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院特岗教授，研究方向为国际组织、全球经济治理。

数字贸易发展指标体系构建及影响因素分析——基于55个国家的面板数据

高卓琼   张 明

内容提要：对数字贸易发展水平进行测度是研究和制定数字贸易发展战略的起点。本文从基础支撑、贸易业务、创新能力、贸易场景、贸易保障五个维度出发，构建包含5个一级指标、11个二级指标、23个三级指标的数字贸易发展指标体系，测度55个国家2011—2021年的数字贸易发展情况，并通过构建回归模型对数字贸易发展水平的影响因素进行检验。研究结果表明：全球整体数字贸易发展水平不断提升，同时存在一定的分化趋势，各国发展差距可能进一步加大；从整体看，发达国家的数字贸易发展水平明显高于发展中国家，且年度变化较小，处于稳定高位的状态；中国的数字贸易发展水平在近几年呈现出持续赶超的态势，具有较大发展潜力，但存在分项指标发展不平衡的情况；经济发展水平、基础设施水平、营商环境、前沿技术水平、政治制度、经济制度、法律制度均对数字贸易发展水平具有显著的正向影响，且对OECD国家和非OECD国家的影响具有异质性。

关键词：数字贸易  指标体系  数字经济  影响因素  核密度估计

基金项目：国家社会科学基金青年项目“习近平总书记关于共同富裕重要论述的内在逻辑与原创性贡献研究”（编号：22CKS001）

作者简介：高卓琼系中共中央党校（国家行政学院）博士研究生，研究方向为数字贸易；张明系中国社会科学院金融研究所研究员，研究方向为宏观经济与国际金融。

海外投资、技术突破与中国数字跨国公司的全球发展

汪亚楠  崔珊珊  万梦玥

内容提要： 数字跨国公司是数字全球化时代引领全球投资和外贸发展的重要力量。中国数字跨国公司以获取技术和拓展市场为目标推进海外布局战略，一些头部企业已跻身全球顶尖行列。本文研究中国数字跨国公司的海外投资布局、发展成就、面临的风险挑战和战略机遇，并以华为、腾讯和阿里巴巴为案例，梳理中国数字跨国公司在协同企业高质量发展和科技高水平自立自强建设过程中所取得的技术突破。面对复杂多变的国际政治经济局势，中国数字跨国公司应当努力增强国际市场竞争力，坚持创新驱动理念，提升公司海外员工本地化率，开拓合作共赢新局面。中国政府应加大对高端数字人才的培养和引进，积极参与全球数字规则制定，推动共建“数字丝绸之路”，构建数字经济国际合作新格局。

关键词：跨国公司  海外投资  数字经济  关键技术  “数字丝绸之路”  “一带一路”

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“贸易高质量发展背景下数字贸易规则对全球价值链分工的影响研究”（编号：21YJC790107）、广东省社科规划青年项目“碳中和目标约束下数字技术驱动广东贸易碳减排的效应评估及对策研究”（编号：GD22YYJ06）

作者简介：汪亚楠系华南理工大学经济与金融学院副教授、博士生导师，研究方向为数字技术创新；崔珊珊系华南理工大学经济与金融学院博士生，研究方向为数字跨国公司；万梦玥系华南理工大学经济与金融学院博士生，研究方向为数字服务贸易。

Climate Governance Cooperation Among BRICS Countries:

Progress, Challenges, and Countermeasures

Ma Lulu　Jiang Xiheng

Abstract: The urgency of addressing climate change has escalated, yet the progress in global climate action remains sluggish, underscoring the escalating significance of developing countries in global climate governance. BRICS countries’ complementary advantages in resource endowments, the rapid growth of economic aggregate and energy demand, and the accession of new members bring new opportunities for BRICS countries to cooperate in improving global climate governance. In this process, BRICS countries need to overcome the economic and social pressures brought about by the multiple global crises, navigate the technical and financial difficulties they face, and better respond to different concerns in global climate negotiations. In this regard, BRICS countries should establish effective cooperation mechanisms for climate action, improve the internal governance mechanisms, promote concerted action in key areas, jointly increase climate financing, and continuously enhance the influence of emerging economies and developing countries in global climate governance.

Keywords: BRICS countries, climate governance, energy transition, New Development Bank, climate financing, BRICS expansion

Current Situation, Significance and Challenges of Clean Energy Development in Africa: Direction of China-Africa Green Belt and Road Cooperation

Chen Weibing　Liu Jisen

Abstract: The global energy transition and demand for key minerals for green development offer new opportunities for Africa’s new industrialization. Clean energy development is not only the only way for Africa to advance new industrialization but also the key to reshaping Africa’s politics, economy and society. At present, the development of clean energy in Africa is gradually characterized by diversification of development subjects, increased investment volume, expansion of technological and policy support, and market-oriented energy development. The reason why clean energy development can become an important support for Africa to carry out new industrialization is that the characteristics of clean energy development industrial chain are very consistent with those of African countries’ industrial development at the present stage. Specifically, the upstream industry is rich in resources but lacks necessary development equipment, the midstream industry faces infrastructure deficiencies to withstand external shocks, and the downstream market is huge but lacks necessary industrial chain support. Therefore, as an important partner of Africa’s clean energy development, China should strengthen investment cooperation with Africa in related infrastructure construction and the whole industrial chain of clean energy development, and facilitate green Belt and Road cooperation to support African countries’ transition into the process of new industrialization.

Keywords: clean energy, industrialization, China-Africa cooperation, Belt and Road Initiative, infrastructure

Reinventing Logic and Cooperation Options for Gulf Countries’ Participation in

Clean Energy Supply Chain: Taking Saudi Arabia and UAE as Examples

Kou Jingna　Wen Binbin

Abstract: The accelerated global energy transition has made the clean energy supply chain a key area of competition among countries. Different from the traditional oil and gas supply chains, clean energy supply chain exhibits distinctive features of upstream decentralization, midstream high technological threshold, and downstream deconcentration and localization. Saudi Arabia and the UAE primarily export oil and gas resources. Despite lacking dominance over the clean energy supply chain, they, by virtue of innate resource advantages, engage in the construction of the global clean energy supply chain by proactively initiating a range of clean energy policies and investments and collaborating on implementing and operating large-scale projects related to photovoltaic, wind power, and hydrogen energy. In the process of selecting cooperation partners, in addition to maintaining ongoing cooperation with Europe, there is a growing inclination towards expanding partnerships in the East, and China has emerged as the most pivotal partner. China and the two Gulf countries boast huge potential for cooperation and should work together to expand the scope of supply chain cooperation and deepen the details based on the existing cooperation achievements, to shape the China-Gulf countries econimic corridor on the Eurasian continent with energy as the core, and endeavor to become the core force in the next stage of the complex game of global energy.

Keywords: Gulf countries, clean energy, supply chain, energy security, energy cooperation, energy transition

New Characteristics, New Risks, and Development Space of China’s Investment in US

Li Lei　Liu Zehuan

Abstract: The US is the world’s largest economy and China’s largest trading partner, possessing significant advantages in the market, resources, technology, and talent. Starting from 2017, the US policy towards China has gradually shifted from trade and investment restrictions to comprehensive industrial competition. During this period, China’s investment in the US significantly decreased, and it entered a new adjustment phase, showing new characteristics in terms of scale, industry, method, and regional distribution. Changes in the US regulatory environment, adjustments in the US industrial policies, international geopolitical conflicts, and public emergencies have brought new risks to Chinese enterprises’ investment in the US. As an important investment destination for Chinese enterprises, the US still has a large development space for development in offering robust opportunities for China to acquire technologies, accelerating innovation breakthroughs, promoting agricultural development, and securing strategic mineral resources. Therefore, it is imperative for China to clearly define investment objectives, strengthen risk management, and steadily promote the high-quality development of investment in the US.

Keywords: OFDI, China-US relations, industrial competition, institutional opening-up, manufacturing industry, high and new technologies

Strategic Transformation of New Energy Vehicles in Japan:

Challenges and Opportunities for China

Jin Renshu

Abstract: As a world automobile power, Japan has world-famous car brands such as Toyota, Honda, and Nissan. In the wave of new energy vehicle development, Japan’s automobile industry has missed the development opportunity of pure electric vehicles due to its strategic divergence from the international mainstream and backward infrastructure, consequently lost its former dominant position. To reverse the situation, Japan has designated 2022 as the first year of pure electric vehicles, driving forward the transformation of its new energy vehicle strategy with collaborative efforts between the government and enterprises, technological innovation as the driving force, and enhanced industrial policy support and infrastructure construction. Japan’s strategic transformation of new energy vehicles will inevitably pose challenges to China’s new energy vehicle industry, but it also provides opportunities for cooperation between China and Japan in the fields of technology research and development, industrial and supply chains, and specification standards.

Keywords: new energy vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, cooperation between China and Japan, industrial policy

Establishment, Challenges and Improvement Paths of Development Discourse Power

of AIIB

Su Yawen　Xue Zhihua

Abstract: Development discourse is a social practice that involves the comprehensive process of a country’s economy, society, culture, and politics, including discourse subjects and the creation, dissemination, and narrative of discourse. Development discourse can only be transformed into development discourse power when it is eligible for functional and normative conditions. For a long time, traditional multilateral development banks represented by the World Bank have been the main subject in producing and disseminating development discourse. However, factors such as US hegemony and improper exercise of organizational autonomy have led to the alienation of development discourse power. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) provides a platform for enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries in the global governance system by striving for the right to development and engaging in competition and cooperation in development discourse. From the perspective of operational practice, the AIIB is facing problems such as insufficient discourse creation ability, limited discourse dissemination, and external questioning and exclusion of its discourse power. This situation can be improved by enhancing discourse creation and rule transformation ability, expanding the scope of development discourse dissemination, shaping inclusive discourse narratives, and other paths, to enhance the effectiveness of development cooperation and promote the transformation of the global governance system.

Keywords: global governance, development discourse, discourse power, World Bank, AIIB, international development cooperation

Construction and Influencing Factors Analysis of Digital Trade Development Indicator System: Based on Panel Data of 55 Countries

Gao Zhuoqiong　Zhang Ming

Abstract: Measuring the level of digital trade development is the starting point for further research and formulation of digital trade development strategies. Starting from the five dimensions of basic support, trade business, innovation capacity, trade scenario and trade guarantee, this paper constructs a digital trade development indicator system containing 5 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 23 tertiary indicators to measure digital trade development in 55 countries from 2011 to 2021, and test the influence factors of the level of digital trade development by constructing a regression model. The results show that while the overall level of global digital trade development is increasing, there is also a certain trend of differentiation, potentially leading to an exacerbation of developmental disparities among countries; on the whole, the level of digital trade development is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries, showing relatively small annual changes and maintaining a stable and high level; China’s level of digital trade development has shown a continuous catching-up trend in recent years, demonstrating significant potential for further advancement, but there exists an imbalance in the development of sub-indicators; the levels of economic development, infrastructure, business environment and cutting-edge technology, political system, economic system, and legal system all exert a significant positive impact on the level of digital trade development, and the impact on OECD countries and non-OECD countries is heterogeneous.

Keywords: digital trade, indicator system, digital economy, influencing factor, kernel density estimation

Overseas Investment, Technological Breakthroughs and Global Development of Chinese Digital Multinational Enterprises

Wang Yanan　Cui Shanshan　Wan Mengyue

Abstract: Digital multinational enterprises (MNEs) have emerged as a significant force driving global investment and international trade in the era of digital globalization. Chinese digital MNEs have strategically enhanced their overseas expansion endeavors, aiming to both acquire advanced technologies and broaden market reach. Several industry giants have ascended to the upper echelons of the global rankings. This paper provides a systematic examination of Chinese digital MNEs’ overseas investment layouts, developmental milestones, risks, challenges, and strategic opportunities. Through case studies of prominent entities such as Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba, it delineates a spectrum of technological breakthroughs achieved by these digital MNEs in fostering high-quality development of enterprises and enhancing great self-reliance and strength in science and technology. Amidst the intricacies of the dynamic international political and economic landscape, Chinese digital MNEs should strive to strengthen their global competitiveness, adhere to an innovation-driven development philosophy, and increase the localization rate of employees to open new ground for win-win cooperation. Chinese government should vigorously enhance the cultivation and recruitment of high-end digital talents, actively engage in formulating global digital regulations, advance the joint construction of the Digital Silk Road, and forge a new pattern for international cooperation in the digital economy.

Keywords: multinational enterprises, overseas investment, digital economy, key technologies, Digit Silk Road, Belt and Road Initiative