2024年第1期（总427期）目录

中国—东盟共同市场构想：目标、动力与路径

郑永年　 何冬妮

内容提要：经过30多年的发展合作，中国与东盟已经成为彼此最重要的经贸合作伙伴，在全球产业链供应链价值链创新链中形成了互嵌格局。当前，全球化逆潮兴起，地缘政治剧烈变化，世界经济面临严重分化、需求萎缩、增长乏力的巨大风险。在此背景下，中国与东盟应携手打造超越传统自贸区框架的共同市场，以此作为应对全球化逆潮、防范地缘政治危机干扰国家和区域发展进程的战略选项。着眼未来，中国和东盟可通过共建非排他性的，以尊重国家主权和治权为前提，以促进货物、服务、资本、技术、知识五大要素自由流动为导向，以规则标准对接融合为特征的共同市场，推动实现更高水平的区域经济一体化。

关键词：中国东盟关系　地缘政治风险　经济一体化　共同市场　欧盟共同市场

作者简介：郑永年系广州粤港澳大湾区研究院理事长，香港中文大学（深圳）前海国际事务研究院院长、教授，研究方向为中国内部转型和外交政策、地缘政治、国际关系；何冬妮系广州粤港澳大湾区研究院学术副院长、研究员，研究方向为经济体制改革、开放经济学、区域经济合作。

制度型开放与全球经济治理体系改革的中国对策

李平　 高椰

内容提要：百年未有之变局视域下，世界政治经济格局正发生深刻演变，改革完善全球经济治理体系的紧迫性进一步上升。全球经济治理体系面临国际经济组织制度缺陷、经济问题意识形态化、数字经济发展和逆全球化浪潮等现实挑战，中国正在推行的制度型开放有助于改善国内制度环境、增强制度溢出效应、提升制度性话语权，为中国推动全球经济治理体系改革提供新的契机。中国应积极利用区域性和专业性国际经济组织、积极推动国际经济合作平台的机制化建设和全球性国际经济组织的重组，通过对标高标准国际规则、加快全球治理公共产品的制度供给、制定高标准区域性经济合作规则、重塑全球经济治理新规则，全方位参与、融入和改革全球经济治理体系。

关键词：制度型开放　全球经济治理　治理体系改革　制度性话语　中国对策  

基金项目：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全球价值链、国际贸易政策体系‘双重构’的影响与应对研究”（编号：22JZD041）、国家社会科学基金重点项目“开放条件下异质性企业要素配置与全要素生产率提升研究”（编号：19AJL011）

作者简介：李平系山东理工大学经济学院二级教授，研究方向为世界经济、制度型开放、全球治理；高椰系山东理工大学经济学院硕士研究生，研究方向为国际经济关系。

中小企业国际规则新发展与中国因应

徐　泉　 刘小琳

内容提要：以CPTPP、USMCA、RCEP为代表的区域贸易协定均对中小企业问题进行相应规制，其条款设计集中体现了中小企业国际规则的主要特点和发展趋势。虽然中小企业国际规则存在诸多不足，并面临立法技术困境，但中小企业议题作为国际经贸谈判重要的横向议题之一，仍然具有较大的发展潜力，并对中国中小企业管理体制产生了一定影响。中国中小企业规则体系的缺陷严重制约中小企业长远发展，应在准确研判中小企业国际规则及其发展趋势的基础上，深化国内相关体系改革，为中小企业发展提供良好的制度支撑。同时，中国应积极参与本轮国际经贸规则的重构进程，适时通过自由贸易谈判促进中小企业国内规则的国际化，实现中国对全球经济治理体系的规则供给，推动中小企业国际规则的进一步完善。

关键词：中小企业　国际经贸规则　规则治理　CPTPP　USMCA　RCEP  

基金项目：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国参与国际经贸规则改革中的‘主动—被动’模式法律问题研究”（编号：21XFX003）

作者简介：徐泉系西南政法大学对外开放法治建设研究中心主任、教授，研究方向为国际经济法、对外开放法治；刘小琳系西南政法大学国际法学院博士研究生，研究方向为国际经济法、对外开放法治。

双循环视角下中国多重价值链互动与收益的实证研究

袁小慧　 李雪阳

内容提要：研究立足中国双循环发展战略，构建内嵌中国区域的全球投入产出表，基于增加值供给和需求分析不同行业参与国内区域、RCEP区域以及全球其他区域价值链的互动及收益情况。研究发现：在双循环供需流向方面，中国各省市区和大部分行业参与价值链互动强度由强到弱依次为国内价值链、RCEP区域价值链、全球其他区域价值链。在具体行业方面，机械工业表现出明显的内陆沿海差异，金属品冶炼及制品业呈现出向极性，即特定区域间相对突出的强增加值流向联系，交通运输设备制造业显示出经济发展水平上的两极性。在收益方面，两端依靠国内价值链的内循环模式价值链收益最高，而两端依靠RCEP区域价值链的外循环模式价值链收益最低。鉴此，应进一步发挥国内资源和市场优势，促进多元合作与区域互动，并通过多种路径减少外部经济依赖。

关键词：双循环　价值链　增加值供给　增加值需求　传导路径　RCEP

作者简介：袁小慧系江苏行政学院教授，研究方向为区域经济学；李雪阳系江苏行政学院硕士研究生，研究方向为区域经济学。

美国先进制造产业政策：演化特征与内在逻辑

——兼论美国“新产业政策”的形成

刘建丽　 黄骏玮　 金　亮

内容提要：近年来，随着美国在半导体等战略性产业领域实施选择性产业政策和大国竞争导向的抑他性产业政策，对于美国产业政策的争论再起。美国先进制造产业政策演化遵循对内发展和对外竞争两条逻辑主线，确保“美国优先”的功能性政策从未弱化，其中隐性的竞争性政策是美国产业政策的基石，应激性政策是美国灵活掌握的惯用产业政策，防御性政策随着“美国优先”和大国竞争意识强化而有所加强。美国近年选择性产业政策比重明显上升且显性化，拜登政府时期具有防御性和应激性的抑他性产业政策快速增加，成为美国“新产业政策”的标志。美国政府试图以“强产业政策”积极嵌入市场经济体系，弥补市场不足甚至形塑产业链和市场体系，越来越表现出“企业型政府”特征。美国先进制造产业政策包含许多值得借鉴的经验，同时美国不断升级保护主义破坏全球经济秩序、罔顾产业发展规律实施“脱钩断链”以及 “以邻为壑”的发展模式也为其持续发展埋下隐患。

关键词：美国产业政策　先进制造　制度逻辑　对华竞争

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“智能制造关键核心技术国产替代战略与政策研究”（编号：21&ZD132）、国家社会科学基金重点项目“新型举国体制下促进使命导向型重大创新的政府行为模式与边界研究”（编号：20AGL005）

作者简介：刘建丽系中国社会科学院工业经济研究所研究员、中国社会科学院大学教授，研究方向为创新管理与企业国际化等；黄骏玮系中国社会科学院大学硕士研究生，研究方向为智能制造；金亮系中国社会科学院大学博士研究生，研究方向为技术并购。

共生式国际发展合作新范式下的中国对外技术援助

——以菌草技术援外为例

王翠梅

内容提要：传统技术援助是国际发展援助的重要形式之一，并随着国际发展援助向国际发展合作的演化而呈现转型升级之势。中国对外技术援助特别是农业技术援助在中国引领全球发展新态势下表现亮眼，在中西援助范式比较视野下独具特色。发达国家主导的南北援助固守一种寄生式国际发展援助旧范式，极易导致援助依赖或援助负担。旧范式下的传统技术援助受制于供给驱动、单向灌输、制度导向、最佳实践等模式，其有效性存在争议。相较而言，南南合作框架下的中国对外援助正在或已然开创一种共生式国际发展合作新范式，有望兼顾发展有效性和合作可持续性。新范式下的中国对外技术援助内含供需对接、多向交流、发展导向、在地实践四大机制，致力于“授人以渔”。菌草技术援外既是新范式的集中体现，也是中国援外扶贫的品牌项目，对中国国际发展合作与全球发展议程具有重要意义。

关键词：技术援助　范式创新　共生　国际发展合作　中国对外援助  

作者简介：王翠梅系复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生，研究方向为中国外交、对外援助与国际发展合作。

欧盟开放创新生态系统：理论、政策与启示

孙　艳

内容提要：开放创新是指企业通过使用内外部的创新性资源获得绩效改善。在实践中，开放创新向动态的、网络化的多边协作式创新生态系统演进。建立开放创新生态系统的基本前提是创新过程向所有创新主体开放，推动创新性理念转化为产品和服务，最终创造新的市场。构建开放创新生态系统既需要从供给侧促进创新性理念和知识的流动和循环，也需要从需求侧保证科学、研发和创新符合用户需求，帮助推动研究成果和科学发现转化为社会可用资源，并实现经济价值。为构建开放创新生态系统，欧盟在政策支持层面确立了创新原则，保证相关立法为创新发展创造最好条件；在融资层面，优化创新监管环境，完善创新资助体系和风险资本投资机制；在整合支持服务方面，形成分类具体的开放创新生态系统支持体系。开放创新生态系统在促进欧盟经济增长和就业，提高欧洲企业国际竞争力，挖掘欧盟的研发创新潜力等方面成效显著，为服务欧盟实现绿色和数字双转型目标发挥了重要作用。

关键词：开放创新　生态系统　技术—经济范式　创新原则　创新融资

基金项目：国家社会科学基金项目“欧盟的创新系统模式及对我国的借鉴研究”（编号：18BGJ054）

作者简介：孙艳系中国社会科学院欧洲研究所副研究员，研究方向为欧盟创新政策、中欧经贸关系、法国经济。

Concept of China-ASEAN Common Market: Vision, Motivation and Path

Zheng Yongnian　He Dongni

Abstract: After more than 30 years of development cooperation, China and ASEAN have become each other’s most important economic and trade partners, forming an intertwined pattern in the global industrial chains, supply chains, value chains and innovation chains. Currently, as anti-globalization trends rise and geopolitical dynamics undergo drastic changes, the world economy faces such significant risks as severe differentiation, shrinking demand and weak growth. Against this backdrop, China and ASEAN should join hands to create a common market beyond the traditional free trade zone framework, as a strategic option to address anti-globalization trends and prevent geopolitical crises from interfering with national and regional development processes. Looking to the future, China and ASEAN can promote the realization of a higher level of regional economic integration through the joint construction of a non-exclusive common market based on the principles of respecting national sovereignty and governance rights and promoting the free flow of goods, services, capital, technology and knowledge, and characterized by docking and integration of mutual economic rules and standards.

Keywords: China-ASEAN relations, geopolitical risks, economic integration, common market, EU common market

China’s Institutional Opening-up and Countermeasures to Global Economic Governance System Reform

Li Ping　Gao Ye

Abstract: Amid the profound changes unseen in a century, the world economic and political pattern is also undergoing profound changes, thereby intensifying the urgency of reforming and improving the global economic governance system.  However, the current global economic governance system faces such challenges as institutional deficiencies in international economic organizations, the ideological transformation of economic issues, the development of the digital economy and the wave of anti-globalization. Institutional opening-up helps to improve China’s institutional environment, enhance the institutional spillover effect, strengthen the institutional discourse power, and provide new opportunities for China to promote the global economic governance system reform. China should actively utilize regional and professional international economic organizations, promote the institutionalization of international economic cooperation platforms and the restructuring of global economic organizations, and participate in, integrate into, and reform the global economic governance system on all fronts by benchmarking against high-standard international rules, accelerating the institutional supply of global governance public goods, formulating high-standard rules for regional economic cooperation, and reshaping new rules of global economic governance.

Keywords: institutional opening-up, global economic governance, governance system reform, institutional discourse, China’s countermeasures

New Development of International Rules for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and China’s Responses

Xu Quan　Liu Xiaolin

Abstract: Regional trade agreements, such as CPTPP, USMCA and RCEP, regulate the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the related articles embody the main characteristics and development trends of international rules for SMEs. Although there are many deficiencies in international rules for SMEs and legislative and technical difficulties, the issue of SMEs, as one of the important issues in international economic and trade negotiations, still has great development potential and exerts an influence on China’s SME management system.  In addition, the defects of China’s SME rule system seriously restrict the long-term development of SMEs. Thus, it is crucial to deepen the reform of domestic relevant systems on the basis of accurately studying and judging the international rules for SMEs and their development trends, so as to provide institutional support for the development of SMEs. Meanwhile, China should actively participate in this round of reconstruction of international economic and trade rules and timely internationalize domestic rules for SMEs through free trade negotiations, to contribute China’s rules to the global economic governance system and to further improve international rules for SMEs.

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises, international economic and trade rules, rule governance, CPTPP, USMCA, RCEP

Empirical Study on Interactions and Benefits of Multiple Value Chains in China Under Dual Circulation Perspective

Yuan Xiaohui　Li Xueyang

Abstract: Based on China’s dual-circulation development strategy, a global input-output table embedding Chinese regions is constructed. Based on value-added supply and demand, the interactions and benefits of different industries participating in value chains in the domestic region, the RCEP region and other regions of the world are analyzed. It is found that in terms of dual-circulation supply and demand flows, the intensity of interactions in value chains among China’s provinces and municipalities and most industries ranks in descending order of domestic value chains, RCEP regional value chains and other regional value chains across the world. In terms of specific industries, the machinery industry shows obvious inland-coastal differences, the metal smelting and products industry exhibits inter-regional polarity, that is, relatively prominent strong value-added flow linkages between specific regions, and the transportation equipment manufacturing industry shows bipolarity in terms of economic development. In terms of benefits, the internal circulation value chain that relies on domestic value chains at both ends yields the highest benefits, while the international circulation value chain that relies on RCEP regional value chains at both ends generates the lowest benefits. Therefore, it is essential to further capitalize on domestic resources and market advantages, foster diversified cooperation and regional interactions, and reduce external economic dependence through various channels.

Keywords: dual circulation, value chain, value-added supply, value-added demand, transmission path, RCEP

US Advanced Manufacturing Industrial Policies: Evolutionary Characteristics and

Internal Logic－Formation of New American Industrial Policy

Liu Jianli 　Huang Junwei 　Jin Liang

Abstract: In recent years, the debate over the US industrial policies has resurfaced with the country’s implementation of selective industrial policies and great power competition-oriented industrial policies aimed at suppressing other countries in strategic industries such as semiconductors. The evolution of the US advanced manufacturing industrial policies features internal development and external competition, ensuring the persistence of the America First Policy, of which the implicit competitive policies serve as the cornerstones of the US industrial policies, the responsive policies are conventional ones flexibly employed by the US, and the defensive policies have been strengthened to align with the heightened consciousness of America First and great power competition. The proportion of selective industrial policies in the US has increased significantly in recent times, and the defensive and responsive industrial policies aimed at suppressing other countries have increased rapidly, which has become the symbol of the new industrial policies in the US during Biden’s presidency. The US government tries to actively integrate itself into the market economy system through the implementation of “strong industrial policies,” in a bid to compensate for shortcomings in the market system and even shape industrial chains and market system, and increasingly show the characteristics of an “entrepreneurial government.” The US advanced manufacturing industrial policies offer salutary lessons, while at the same time, the US escalating protectionism that spells trouble for the global economic order, its decoupling and breaking chains measures and “beggar-thy-neighbor” development mode that ignore the law of industrial development pose hidden risks to its sustained development.

Keywords: US industrial policies, advanced manufacturing, institutional logic, competition with China

China’s Foreign Technical Assistance Under New Paradigm of Symbiotic International Development Cooperation: Taking Juncao Technology Assistance as Example

Wang Cuimei

Abstract: Traditional technical assistance is one of the important forms of international development assistance, and it is undergoing transformation and upgrading with the evolution of international development assistance toward international development cooperation. China’s foreign technical assistance, especially agricultural one, has performed outstandingly in the new trend of China’s leading global development, and is particularly unique in terms of aid paradigms when compared with the West’s assistance. North-South assistance led by developed countries maintains an old paradigm of parasitic international development assistance, which can easily lead to aid dependence or aid burden. Traditional technical assistance under the old paradigm is subject to the modes of supply drive, one-way infusion, institutional orientation and best practice, and its effectiveness is controversial. In comparison, China’s foreign aid in the framework of South-South Cooperation creates a new paradigm of symbiotic international development cooperation, which is expected to combine development effectiveness and cooperation sustainability. China’s foreign technical assistance under the new paradigm includes such four mechanisms as supply and demand docking, multi-directional communication, development orientation and local practice, and it is committed to “teaching a man to fish.” Juncao technology assistance is not only an embodiment of the new paradigm, but also a major brand of China’s foreign aid for poverty alleviation, which is of significance for China’s international development cooperation and global development agenda.

Keywords: technical assistance, paradigm innovation, symbiosis, international development cooperation, China’s foreign aid

EU’s Open Innovation Ecosystem: Theory, Policy and Inspiration

Sun Yan

Abstract: Open innovation refers to the improvement in performance by using innovative resources from both inside and outside enterprises. In practice, open innovation is evolving into an innovation ecosystem with dynamic and networking multilateral collaboration. The fundamental premise of establishing an open innovation ecosystem lies in the openness of the innovation process to all innovation actors, to facilitate the conversion of innovative ideas into products and services and thereby create new markets. Constructing an open innovation ecosystem necessitates not only promoting the flow and circulation of innovative ideas and knowledge from the supply side, but also ensuring that science, research and development (R&D) as well as innovation align with user needs on the demand side. This alignment aids in transforming research outcomes and scientific discoveries into resources available to society and realizing their economic value. In order to establish an open innovation ecosystem, the EU has established innovation principles at the policy support level to ensure that relevant legislation fosters optimal conditions for innovation and development. At the financing level, efforts are made to optimize the supervision environment for innovation and improve the innovation funding system and venture capital investment mechanisms. Additionally, a classified support system for the open innovation ecosystem is established to integrate various support services. The open innovation ecosystem has yielded remarkable outcomes in driving economic growth and employment in the EU, enhancing the international competitiveness of European enterprises, as well as developing R&D and innovation potential of the EU, which help the bloc to achieve green and digital transformation goals.

Keywords: open innovation, ecosystem, techno-economic paradigm, innovation principle, innovation financing